The 12 days of Christmas refers to the 12 days of feasting and celebration originally designated in the sixth century as a time to honor the incarnation of Christ. (God becoming Flesh) The 12-day period began on December 25 and ended January 5.
The carol dates to the 16th century when Catholics were experiencing religious persecution in England. From 1558 until 1829 it was illegal for them to practice or express their faith in any form in public.
If fact, to be caught in public with any material about the Christian faith brought imprisonment and death. Out of this intense persecution, "The 12 Days of Christmas" emerged as a kind of coded message affirming belief in Christ and in the Bible.
Each of the 12 days represents some important aspect of the Christian faith that the disciple was to learn and adhere to. Below is the hidden meaning behind this clever Christmas carol.
First day: The "partridge in a pear tree" represents the birth of Christ on Christmas day. Christ is portrayed as a partridge because of the instinctive behavior of the mother partridge; she would pretend to be injured in order to decoy predators away from their helpless young. Jesus hung on the tree for us.
Second day: "Two turtle doves" refers to the Old Testament and the New Testament, which together bear witness to God's self-revelation in history and the creation of a people to tell the Story of God to the world.
The Old Testament has 39 books total.
Pentateuch - 5 books
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Historical Books - 12 books
Joshua, Judges, Ruth, First Samuel, Second Samuel, First Kings, Second Kings, First Chronicles, Second Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther.
Poetic books - 5 books
Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
Prophetic books - 17 books
Major Prophets - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel
Minor Prophets - Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.
The New Testament has 27 books total, which consist of...
The Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke, John,
Acts of the Apostles - Acts
Pauline Epistles - Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon
Other Epistles - Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude,
The Revelation Jesus - Revelation
Third day: "Three French hens" stands for the three virtues written about in 1 Corinthians 13:12-13 Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. 13 And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.
Forth day: "Four calling birds" symbolizes the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, which proclaim the Good News of God's reconciliation of the world to Himself in Jesus Christ.
Matthew - Presents Jesus as the Messiah.
Mark - Presents Jesus as the Servant.
Luke - Presents Jesus as the Son of Man.
John - Presents Jesus as God in flesh, the Savior.
Fifth day: "Five golden rings" points to the first five books of the Old Testament, which gives the history of humanity's sinful failure and God's response of grace in the creation of a people to be a light to the world.
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Sixth day: "Six geese a-laying" stands for the six days of creation and the affirmation that almighty God is the creator and sustainer of all things.
Day 1: The heavens, the earth, light and darkness.
Day 2: Heaven
Day 3: Dry land, the seas, and vegetation.
Day 4: The sun, the moon and the stars.
Day 5: Living creatures in the water, birds in the air.
Day 6: Land animals and people.
Seventh day: "Seven swans a-swimming" represents the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (prophecy, serving, teaching, exhortation, giving, leadership, and mercy)
Romans 12:5-8 In Christ we who are many form one body,.... We have different gifts,...
If a man's gift is prophesying, let him prophecy in faith.
If it is serving, let them serve;
If it is teaching, let them teach;
If it is encouraging, let them encourage;
If it is giving to the needs of others, let them give generously;
If it is leadership, let them govern diligently;
If it is showing mercy, let them do it cheerfully.
Eighth day: "Eight maids a-milking" stands for the eight beatitudes Jesus taught in the Sermon on the Mount (see Matthew 5),
"Blessed are" the poor in spirit;
"Blessed are" those who mourn;
"Blessed are" the meek;
"Blessed are" those who hunger and thirst for righteousness;
"Blessed are" the merciful;
"Blessed are" the pure in heart;
"Blessed are" the peacemakers; and
"Blessed are" those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake.
Ninth day: "Nine ladies dancing" represents the nine fruits of the Holy Spirit listed in Galatians 5:22-23:
Love, Joy, Peace,
Longsuffering, Kindness, Goodness,
Faithfulness, Gentleness, and Self-control.
Tenth day: "Ten lords a-leaping" symbolize the Ten Commandments
1. You shall have no other gods before Me.
2. You shall not make for yourself a carved image and bow to it.
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
4. You shall remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
5. You shall honor your father and your mother.
6. You shall not murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10. You shall not covet.
Eleventh day: "Eleven pipers piping" refers to the 11 faithful disciples. Because Judas Iscariot, the 12th disciple, betrayed Jesus, he is not included among the faithful.
The eleven Faithful Apostles: 1) Simon Peter, 2) Andrew,
3) James (half brother of Jesus), 4) John, 5) Philip, 6) Bartholomew,
7) Matthew, 8) Thomas, 9) James son of Alphaeus,
10) Simon the Zealot, 11) Judas son of James.
Twelfth day: "Twelve drummers drumming" emphasizes the 12 doctrinal points of the Apostles’ Creed, which outlines the core beliefs of the Christian faith.
The twelve points of doctrine are:
1) I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.
2) I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.
3) He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary.
4) He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended into hell [the grave].
5) On the third day he rose again. He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
6) He will come again to judge the living and the dead.
7) I believe in the Holy Spirit,
8) the holy Church,
9) the communion of saints,
10) the forgiveness of sins,
11) the resurrection of the body,
12) and life everlasting.
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